By Madeleine Fitzpatrick由玛德琳菲茨帕特里克
As the saying goes, "You have to crawl before you can walk."正如俗语所说， “你要抓取之前，您可以步行” 。 While there have been cases of babies bypassing crawling to go straight to walking, most babies will become proficient crawlers some time during the second half of their first year.虽然有案件婴儿爬行绕过去，直接散步，大多数宝宝将成为精通爬一段时间在下半年的第一年。
Not all babies learn to crawl in the traditional fashion however.并非所有的婴儿学会检索，在传统的时装，但。 Some do a belly crawl (sliding along on their tummy) - and go straight from there to walking.一些做了腹部抓取（滑动一直对他们tummy ） -和直行从那里散步。 Some babies prefer to remain upright and scoot around on their bottom rather than crawl.有些婴儿喜欢保持清正scoot左右，就其底部，而不是检索。 Others crawl backwards!其他检索倒退！
Whether or not babies need to learn to crawl forwards is a matter for some debate.是否或不婴儿需要学习抓取的前锋是一个问题，一些辩论。 According to some pediatricians and pediatric textbooks, crawling is not an important developmental milestone.据一些儿科医生和儿科教科书，检索，是不是一个重要的发展里程碑。 The method of locomotion is irrelevant, say the experts, so long as babies learn to get from A to B.方法是运动无关，说专家的意见，只要婴儿学习，以获得从A到乙
However, according to childhood educator Glenn Doman, a pioneer in the field of right-brain training, crawling forwards is an essential skill to master.不过，根据儿童教育家格伦杜曼，一领域的先驱右脑的训练，爬行前进是一项必要的技能掌握。 Doman claims that crawling stimulates the brain to develop convergence of vision - and that as a result, people who skip this phase as babies may find it extremely difficult to learn to read and write as children.杜曼称，抓取刺激脑部发展的收敛性的视野-作为一个结果，人们谁跳过这一阶段的婴儿可能会觉得非常困难的学习阅读和书写的儿童。 In addition, children who missed out on crawling may suffer from speech problems, he says - because the same part of the brain controls both functions.此外，儿童谁错过了就抓取可能因言语问题，他说-因为同一部分的脑控制两种职能。
In cases where a child skipped crawling or did very little crawling as a baby, Doman recommends practicing crawling every day for six months.的情况下，儿童跳过爬行，还是很少检索作为一个婴儿，杜曼建议练习爬行，每天6个月。 To get a child who knows how to walk to do this, it will probably be necessary for her parents to get down on the floor and crawl around with her!让孩子谁知道如何步行到这样做，它将可能需要为她的父母着手在地板上和抓取左右，与她！ (This should not be tried until two-and-a-half to three years of age, as before that, children are too enamored with the newfound freedom of walking.) It may sound a little outlandish, but Glenn Doman mothers have attested to their success in improving a child''s speech simply by getting her to practice crawling. （这是不应该受到审判，直到两个和一个半到三年的年龄，作为此之前，儿童是过于迷恋与新发现的自由散步。 ） ，它听起来可能有点古怪，但格伦杜曼母亲证明他们的成功在改善一child'的讲话，只要得到她的做法，检索。
The prone position俯卧位
If the importance of crawling is a matter for some debate, the placing of babies in the prone position (on their tummies) is an even more controversial issue, because it could be a matter of life and death.如果检索的重要性，问题是一些辩论中，放置在婴儿俯卧位（对他们的tummies ）是一个更有争议的问题，因为它可能是一个生死攸关的问题。 The question is: does sleeping in the prone position put babies at greater risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), or crib death?问题是：是否睡在俯卧位提出的婴儿的风险更大，为婴儿猝死综合症（ SIDS ）的，或垛死亡？
According to some experts, yes - and the current wisdom is to always put babies to sleep on their backs.据一些专家认为，是-和目前的智慧，是要始终把婴儿睡在他们的支持。 According to Glenn Doman, it is more natural for babies to sleep on their tummies.据格林杜曼，这是更自然的婴儿睡在他们的tummies 。 He adds that nighttime is an important time to make use of the prone position, as tiny babies actually belly crawl in their sleep.他补充说，夜间是一个重要的时间，尽量利用俯卧位，作为弹丸之地的婴儿，其实肚子，抓取在他们的睡眠。
Which advice you choose to follow at bedtime is up to you.其中的意见，您可以选择跟随在就寝时间是取决于您的意愿。 What seems clear though is that maximizing tummy time during the day can do no harm - and can indeed encourage the development of your baby''s motor skills.什么似乎很清楚，虽然是最大限度地tummy时间在白天可以不伤害-的确可以鼓励发展您的b aby'的运动技能。 Once in the prone position, your baby will instinctively lift his head (helping to develop his neck muscles), push up with his arms (helping to develop his arm and chest muscles) and push off the floor with his legs (helping to develop his leg and hip muscles).一次是在俯卧位，您的宝宝会本能地解除他的头部（帮助发展他的颈部肌肉） ，推高与他的武器（帮助发展他的手臂和胸部的肌肉）和推进小康请与他的双腿（帮助他发展腿部和臀部的肌肉） 。
According to Doman, babies get bored when we place them on their backs and leave them to look at mobiles.据杜曼，婴儿得到的钻孔，当我们将它们放在他们的支持和让他们看看手机。 What they really want is to explore the world - and putting them on their tummies gives them the opportunity to do this.他们真的想是探索世界-把对他们t ummies，让他们有机会做到这一点。 Once in the prone position, a baby can see nearby objects and feels motivated to get over to them.一次是在俯卧姿势，婴儿可以看到附近的物体和感觉的动机，以获得超过他们。 Doman recommends that babies spend a minimum of four waking hours in the prone position - thought that time can be divided into short segments.杜曼建议婴儿花最少4小时醒来，在俯卧位-以为时间可分为短期部分。 This is in addition to the time the baby will spend on her tummy while asleep.这是在除的时候，婴儿会用她的tummy而睡。
In reality, many babies hate tummy time - especially if they have not been in the prone position much since birth.在现实中，许多婴儿仇恨tummy时间-特别是如果他们没有在俯卧位得多，自出生。 Many parents report that their baby fusses or cries to be rescued - even when the baby was the one to turn onto his tummy in the first place!许多家长报告说，它们的婴儿fusses或呼声，以拯救-甚至当婴儿是一转入他t ummy摆在首位！ How you deal with this will come down to the degree of importance you place in developing mobility early, as well as your comfort level with your baby crying.你如何处理这将下降至程度的重要性，您放置在发展中国家的流动性初，以及您的舒适程度与你的婴儿哭声。 Doman recommends that you get down on the floor with your baby.杜曼建议您着手在地板上，与您的宝宝。 In this position, you can encourage and reassure him, even while refusing to pick him up.在这方面的立场，您可以鼓励和安抚他，甚至同时拒绝接他。
Pediatricians generally recommend regular tummy time - although the importance they place on it varies considerably.小儿科医师一般建议定期tummy时间-的重要性，虽然他们的地方，它的不同。 Some doctors point out that babies are not ready to crawl until they have developed the muscles needed to sit well unsupported.有些医生指出，婴儿是不是准备开始进行检索，直到他们有发达的肌肉需要坐在以及不受支持。 Babies don"t usually cry out of a failure to do something, they say, but rather because the activity being asked of them is developmentally beyond their reach.婴儿唐的“ T通常哭出来失败做点事，他们说，而是因为活动被要求他们的发育超越其达成。
However, the fact that babies can belly crawl from birth is well documented - and it is this at-first-instinctive crawl that usually leads to the most advanced type: crawling on all fours in a cross pattern (where the right arm moves with the left leg and vice versa).然而，事实上，婴儿腹部可以抓取从出生有案可稽-这是在首先本能检索，通常会导致最先进的类型：爬行对所有四个在一个跨模式（如右臂的动作与左腿和反之亦然） 。 If you decide to follow Glenn Doman''s advice, and can see out the difficult initial period, you should find that your baby stops fussing in the prone position.如果您决定后续格伦doman'的意见，并可以看到了困难的初期阶段，您应该会发现你的宝宝站fussing在俯卧位。 Indeed, once she has discovered the joys of mobility, she will probably prefer to be on her tummy than in any other position.事实上，一旦她发现了乐趣的流动性，她可能会喜欢上她tummy比在任何其他的立场。
Learning to crawl学习检索
Crawling - assuming your baby does it - normally starts between 6 and 10 months of age.检索-假设您的宝宝是否-通常开始之间的第6和第1 0个月大的婴儿。 Besides giving your baby regular tummy time, preferably on the floor, there are several things you can do to make it easier for him to get moving.除了让您的宝宝经常tummy时间，最好是在地板上，有几件事，你可以做的更容易让他获得感动。 Do not overdress your baby, as this would hamper the movement of his limbs and joints.不overdress您的宝宝，因为这会妨碍运动，他的四肢和关节。 When possible, leave your baby''s feet, knees and elbows bare, as this will give him better grip.如果可能，请留下您baby'的脚，膝盖和肘部暴露了，因为这会给他更好的抓地力。
To help your baby get moving in the prone position, let her push off against your hands with her feet.帮助您的宝宝得到走在了俯卧位，让她把小康对您的双手与她的双脚。 This should help her begin to belly crawl.这应有助于她的肚子，开始检索。 If your baby looks about ready to get onto all fours, you can help by bending her legs gently and lifting up her bottom.如果您的宝宝看起来约准备好上所有四，您可以帮助弯曲她的腿轻轻地，并取消了她的底部。 Don"t force your baby into this position though, and don"t try to rush her into crawling on all fours.唐“吨武力您的宝宝到了这一立场，虽然，和唐的” T尝试繁忙，她到检索的所有4 。
You can also encourage your baby''s mobility by dangling his favorite toys just out of reach, or once he has started to belly crawl, calling for him to come to you on the other side of the room.您也可以鼓励您的baby'的流动性，由悬挂他最喜爱的玩具，只是出于达成，或一旦他已开始肚子，检索，要求他来你对对方的房间。 Avoid aids like walkers, which take a lot of the effort out of getting around - to babies" detriment.避免艾滋病一样，学步车，其中考虑了很多的努力，出于规避-婴儿“不利。
You might also consider making or buying an infant crawling track (details of which can be found in Glenn Doman''s How To Teach Your Baby To Be Physically Superb).您也可以考虑制作或购买婴儿爬行轨道（详情可发现在格伦doman'的如何教您的宝宝将身体高超）的。 The track has a surface with good traction and can be put on an incline (by placing one end on a step).赛道的表面与良好的牵引力和可提上一个倾斜（上放置一个结束，一个步骤） 。 Using a downward slope makes crawling easier, while the upward slope can be used later to make crawling more challenging.使用向下的斜坡，使检索更容易，而向上的斜坡，可用于稍后作出的检索更具有挑战性。
Learning to walk学习走路
Babies normally start walking between 10 and 18 months.婴儿通常开始步行10至18个月。 Some parents get anxious when their baby shows no signs of walking at a year of age.一些家长着急时，得到他们的婴儿没有迹象表明走在一岁以下。 If that describes you, then remember what Glenn Doman says about the importance of crawling in developing speech as well as reading and writing skills.如果告诉您，您的话，记得什么格伦杜曼说，约的重要性，抓取在发展中国家的讲话，以及阅读和写作技能。 If he''s right, then learning to walk late might actually be a good thing!如果he'的权利，然后学习走路晚实际上可能会是一件好事！
As your baby gets ready to start walking, she will grab the furniture and pull herself up to a standing position.作为您的宝宝得到准备开始散步，她将抓家具和拉她到一个一贯的立场。 She will then experiment with "cruising" - moving around on her feet with the furniture for support, and occasionally standing for a few seconds unaided.她将当时的实验与“游弋” -走动，她的脚与家具的支持，偶尔站立几秒钟外援。 Let her do so barefoot, as this will make it easier for her to develop her balance and coordination.让她这样做，赤足，因为这将使它更容易为她发展她的平衡与协调。
There''s plenty you can do to help strengthen your baby''s leg muscles besides. there'的很多，您可以做些什么来帮助加强您的baby'的腿部肌肉，此外。 Before he begins to stand (or even crawl), let him grip your fingers (holding his wrists as a precaution) and pull him up to standing, so that he''s supporting his own weight.之前，他就开始立场（或什至检索） ，让他抓住你的手指（控股他手腕作为一项预防措施）和拉他到常委会，使he'的支持自己的体重。 Later, you can help him "walk" by supporting him under the arms.稍后，您可以帮助他“步行”的支持下，他的武器。 When he starts to cruise, encourage him to let go of the furniture by holding out your fingers and letting him grip you with both hands.当他开始巡航，鼓励他放手的家具举行了你的手指，让他抓住你，两手都要硬。 Before you know it, he"ll be holding on to you with one hand only.之前，你知道，他“当地雇员举行关于给您一方面只。
Babies start getting up on their feet before they know how to get back down, so don"t be surprised if your little one cries for help while standing. Rather than picking her up, you can help her learn to sit down by gently bending her knees and supporting her weight until she reaches the floor.婴儿开始就得到了他们的脚前，他们知道如何取回，所以唐的“ T惊讶如果您的小一的呼声，帮助的同时，常委会。而非采摘她，你可以帮助她学习，坐下来，由她轻轻弯曲膝盖和支持她的体重，直到她达到了楼。
Enjoying the journey享受之旅
Whether your child is learning to crawl or to walk, give him as much opportunity to move around as possible, minimizing the use of playpens and other restrictive devices.您的孩子是否是学习抓取或走路，给他多的机会，四处走动，尽量，尽量减少使用游戏和其他限制性装置。 When he first starts walking, help by directing him to flat, smooth surfaces.当他第一次开始散步，帮助，指导他的单位，表面光滑。
